A Cultural History of the Modern Age (2024)

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

A Cultural History of the Modern Age (1920s) is a three volume book by Egon Friedell, which describes events from the Black Death to World War I in an anecdotal format.

• A Cultural History of the Modern Age (1/3)
• A Cultural History of the Modern Age (2/3)
• A Cultural History of the Modern Age (3/3)

Printing history

In 1925, publisher Hermann Ullstein received the first volume, but was suspicious of the historiography of an actor. Five other publishers subsequently rejected the book. The first volume was finally published by Heinrich Beck in Munich in 1927 and the following two volumes in 1928 and 1931. His approach to history was influenced by Oswald Spengler and Jacob Burckhardt.

The English translation is by Charles Francis Atkinson.

Overview

BOOK I

INTRODUCTION

What Cultural History and Why is it Studied?

THE FORGOTTEN STAR-ALL TttlSGS HAVE TSBIB, PHILOSOPHY-ESTHETIC,

ETHICAL, LOGICAL HISTORY-WRITIKG — MAP AND PORTRAIT — SCHOOL-BOOE

Hf&TaaV -UNSClE^TIFtC: CHAB^CTtm OF THE BASIC COr^CFFTS OF HTSTORY-

WRITING—‘SUBTERRASEAxV COURSE OF HISTORICAL ACTION- RASKe's ERROR-

ALL HISTORY IS LEGEND-HOMUNCULUS AND EUPHORION“** HiSTORtCAL

XOVElr^”’—' INCOMFLtTFXFSS AS FAR AS POSSIBLE-EXAGCEAATION ” ECO¬

NOMICS SOC ten'— STATE CUSTOM—SCIENCE, ART, FHILOSOPITY, REEI-

—^THE PHIIjOSOFUERS^ STONE—THE REPRESENTATtVl \iAX —THE

EXPRESSIONIST OOC-SPIRITUAX COSTUME-HISTORY-CENtUS IS A PRODUCT

OF TSE AGE —THE AGE tS A PRODUCT OF THE GENIUS-GENIUS ANP AGE ARE

INCOMMENSURABI-E — PEDIGREE —tES$ING AND HEROER ^—WiNCKELMANN AND

VGLTAHtE-HEGEL AND COMTE — BUC ELE-BURCK H ARDT — TAJN E — LAM P-

RECHT ^^ OREYS(0 ^ SPENCLER ^ HISTORY IN A LATE PERIODPRO POMO^

THE PROFESS CON AL DIUETTANTE THE ISC EVITABLE PARADOX —THE LEGITIMATE

PLAGIARIST — PATHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ORIGINALITY. 3

BOOK i: RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION

From the Black Death to the Thirty Years’ War CHAPTER i: The Beginning

THE WILL TO PICEON-MOLE—THE RIGHT TO PERIODIZE-THE CONCEPTION

Op THE NEW MAS-THE "TRANSITIONAL PERIOD^-BECJNNINC OF THE EX¬

CURSUS ON THE VALUE OF SICKNESS — THE HEALTHIEST BEING IS THE AM<EBA — ALL THAT IS BK^COMINC IS DECADFriT"^ HIGHER VALUE OF ORGANS IN LOWERED CONDITION — HEALTH IS^ THEREFORE^ A METABOLISM^SICKNESS —'THE LERN.^:ASJ

HYDRA-THE ACHILLES OUT OF THE HEEL ^ THE SLTI\TVAL OF THE UNFIT-

GENIUS IS NEVER HEALTHY — GENIUS IS NEVER SICE^—THE THREEFOLD DIVISION OF A1 AN K LND — PRODUCTION AS A REFUGE- S ^

CHAPTER II: The Medieeval Soul

THE " ROMANTIC ISM ” OF THE MIDDLE ACES-LIFE AS ADVTSTURZ-

PSYCHOSIS OF PUBERTY THE SAINTED DOG “■NO KE.LATION TO MONEY — VKIVERPALiA SUNT REALIA —THE WORLD-tATBEDRAL “ THE PHYSICS OF BELIEf-EVERYTHING IS — THE SCENE CHANCES. Jl

CHAPTER (II r The Incubation Period

THE DfSCOVEHY OF THE PLAGUE—^ THE PARALLEL EPIDEMIC ^—THE WELL-

P0[$0\ER$ — dJ$TUAilAKCE—WOILLD-DOWSPALL DETHJtOSEME^T OF

UNJVERSALS-CHRIST IN THE PONKEV“THE TVYO FACES OF NOMlNALlSLf

—^ TWILIGHT FDLlE CmCULAIRE — ANARCH V FROM ABOVE— LODSENINO OF

THE ORDERS OF SOCIETY-SICKENING OF THE METAPHYSICAL ORGAN — PRAC¬ TICAL NIHILISM-ISTENSmtD ECONOMIC LIFE — RISE OF THE CUllJJS —

PROFESSIONAL DILETTANTISM — DAWN OF RATIONALISM-POETRY Of ACTUALITY

— EM ANC tPATION — DECAY OF C Hi VALRY — THE GREAT TRANS VALUATION —

PICTURESQUE FLLTH^—ORIENTAL TUMULT-STaNDAHD Of LIVING “ THE OPEN

ROADS-THE HOLY FEHME “ EROTIC DRIVEN OUT BY SEXUALITY-THE CUL-

TURE of the table—-THE WOIlLt>'NIGHTMARE THE FOURFOLD PINCERS —

THE ttrXEMBUHG COMET — CROWNED PARANOIACS — ENGLlSH-FRENCH CHADS

— ANTI-CLERJCALJSM-WYCLIF — PApA TRlUMPHANS-DEMONS AND MAGI¬ CIANS-MONEY ECONOMICS WITH A BAD CONSCIENCE-THE WORLD-PROTHEL

-MOTLEY—-THE VISION THRONED STOCKBRORERS “THE NIHILIST ON THE

TltftONE-THE THREE DECEIVERS-COINCIDENTIA OPPOStTORUM — NICOLAUS

CUSANUS —DUAL TRUTHj DOUBLE-ENTRY SOOXHE£:PlNG;p COUNTERPOINT^ AND

DANCE OT DEATH-THE OVETSSOUL-THE NEW RELIGION — THE SCHOOL OF

ECKHART-THE " FRANKFORTER -MYSTICISM OF THE PAINTERS — A FAR-

ALLEL — World's dawn, gx

CHAPTER iv: La Rinascita

THE TWO POLES—CULTURE CONSISTS IN WEALTH OF PROBLEMS — THE

ITALTAN microcosm -THE “ LATIN FORMATION ”-THE REBIRTH TO GODLIKE-

NESS — FAREWELL TO THE MIDDLE ACES-CHRONOLOGY OF THE RENAISSANCE

— Italy’s start—the heyday of early capitalism — the renaissance

CITY —COMFORT-ARTISTIC MEALS --THE WORLD OF THE PROFILE-BIRTH

OF THE REVOLVER PRESS-THE DIVINE ARETINO^—LA GRANDE PUTANA—

l'uOmO UNIVERSALE —the RENAISSANCE PUBLIC—^THE DISUNITY” OF ITALY

— THE RETURN TO THE CLASSICAL — PETRARCH-THE PSEUDO-RENAISSANCE_

THE CINQUECENTO—^THE W^ILL TO STYLIZE-A SOPHIST AGE-THE HU¬ MANISTS-THE ** literary” CHARACTER OF THE RENAISSANCE-THE RIFT

IN THE CULTURE PREDOM IN ANCE OF FORM-ART — MICH ElANCELO — LEO¬ NARDO — RAPHAEL— Raphael's vicissiTurDES of taaie —the ** darling of

THE gods" -THE BASIC ERROR OF CLASSICISM^—MACHIAVELLl ___ IMitOR-

ALISM ” — THE “ GUILT ” OF THE RENAISSANCE—^ BEAUTY OR GOODNESS_THE

SECOND FALL OF NLAN, Tjrt

CHAPTER v: Reason tak^s charge

W'ORLD-HISTORY AS A DRAMATIC PROBLEM-^ THE DRAMA OF THE MODERN AGE — the NEW^ LOOK^—THE CURVE FROM I $00 TO IQDO — THE MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE-WORLD OF THE PRIMITIVES — PR£-i.0C1CAL OR SUPER-LOGICAL? — THE rationalist INTERMEZZO — THE THREE BLACK ARTS — PARACELSUS— CANNON-FODDER AND MOVABLE TYPES — COPERNICUS — THE CONQUEST OF CAPE non”’ COLUMBUS—ROUND THE GLOBE IN ELEVEN HUNDRED DAYS

_ YHE crime or the CONQUISTA—the late CULTT/RE of MEXICO —

CmUSTlAK ELEMENTS IN AZTEC aELlGlOX—THE WHITE COD-PERU-

America’s jleturn cirr — — triumph of ma^s over coo ^from the

THEOflETJC TO THE CEOCEKTRlC WORLD FJCTURE—THE AUGUSTINE MONX.

199

CHAPTER VI ^ The German Religion

COD AND THE PEOPLES ^THE FOUR GOMPOXENTS OF THE REFORMATiON ^ Tire nightingale of WITTENBERG— -REFORMERS BEFORE THE REFORMATION^^ WORDS ANP deeds “-the DUAL ASPECT OF LUtHER THE LAST OF THE MONKS ^JEHOVAH IN DELES ILIS ^ LUTHER^S DAMASCUS ^ LUTHER S HEROIC PERIOD

Luther’s pope—-triumph of cutenserg man over gothic man —

LUTHER AS CREATOR OF A LANGUAGE-LUTHER AND THE ARTS LUTHER AND

THE PEARANTS^ WAR-LUTHEr’s SLACKENING^—-LUTITER AND TRANSUBSTAN-

TIaTIOS—^ LUTHER AND THE DOGMA OF JUSTIFICATION ^ PAUL -THE JUDAIC apostle -— AUGUSTINE — CALVINISM THE RADICALS - SEBASTIAN

^ birth of CABINET POLITICS ^ PS VC HOlOCY OF THE MAB3BUR0S ^ THE SECRET OF CHARLES V —VICTORV OF THEOLOGY OVER RELIGION—THE MON STER OF CREATION — GRODTAN ISM — R ABEUU S — P LEBElAN ISM UNMITI¬ GATED STILL—THE CLASSIC ACE OF REPLETION ■—^TBE LANDSKNECHT STVLE -

HEGEMONY OF CRApT-ART-THE WITCHES* HAMMER WttCH-SfANIA AND

PSYCHOANALYSIS-—SECULARIZATION OF HUMANITY—THE ANTI-EVANGELICAL EV-ANGELICAL“ JESUS AND THE “ SOCIAL QUESTION OOP AND THE 6OUL— HOLY tPLENESS.

CHAPTER VII: The Ai^Ai of St^ Bartholomew

THE EARTHLY MELL-THE COUNTERSTROKE ^—THE COUNCIL OF TRENT —

P AN-E UROPE AN TNTOLERANCE-ANGLICAN ISM — NATURAL LAW — THE ARMY

OF JESUS—'THE INIQUiTV OF JESUITISM ”” PHILIP JI THE WORLD^ESCORIAL

^ Spanish colonial policy ^^the revolt of the Netherlands^—collapse OF Philip’s system — don juan and don quixote woru5-rule of the

SPANISH STYLE ^ FRENCH CLASSICISM AND COMIC-OFERA NATURALISM THE SCEPTIC affirmation OF LIFE-—THE MONTAIGNE-MAN ^ JAKOB BOHME-

GIORDANO BRUNO ^-FRANCIS BACON’—THE RISE OF ENGLAND THE ELIZA-

BETHAN MAN-THE AWKWARD AGE OF CAPITALISM - THE EXACT SCIENCES ”

THE W’ORLD OF THE TELESCOPE-THE CHARACTER OF BACON ^ BACON AS

PHILOSOPHER-BACON BEFORE BACON — BACON S ANTt-PHILOSOPKY — BACON 5 FAME—THE HOMELY KING—THE SOUL OF SHAKSPERE — SHAKSFFRE S

TREATRR-THE WORLD AS A DREAMTHE AGONY OF THE RENAISSANCE

THE SECOND TRAUMA —THE NEW' QUESTION- 294

BOOK II: BAROQUE AND ROCOCO

From the Thirty Years' War to the Seven Years' War

CHAPTER I: Overture to the Baroque

THE MEANINGLESS — THE WEED — THE “ HEROES ” WALLENSTEIN

GUSTAVOS ADOLPHUS — EXAGGERATED JUDGMENTS THE ECONOMIC ROUT

‘^CONSTITUTED ANARCHY END OF THE MIDDLE AGES THE PRE-BAROQUE

RATIO STATUS GERMANIC AND ROMANESQUE CULTURE ALAMODISHNESS ’’ — THE TRUMPETER OF SACKINGEN TOBACCO AND POTATOES THE

POETRY OF THE AGE — COMENIUS — NATURAL SCIENCE ROLLAND’s SUPREM-

ACY THE NETHERLANDS PICTURE-BOOK THE MYTHOLOGY OF THE EVERY- DAY REMBRANDT RUBENS KING CHARLES CROMWELL THE PURI- TANS THE QUAKERS — MILTON HOBBES SPINOZA SPINOZa’s “ ETHICS ”

— THE EQUATION OF TWO ZEROS THE WORLD AIMLESS THE LOGIC OF

“ FOLIE RAISON NANTE ’’ — A SYSTEM IN VACUO ARTIFICIAL IRRATIONALISM

THE WORLD-THEATRE EXALTATION, EXTRAVAGANCE, ENIGMAS, LATENT

EROTIC — NAITJRAL UNNATURALNESS THE HEGEMONY OF OPERA EL SIGLO

DE ORO — QUEENS WITHOUT LEGS — GRACIAN EL GRECO — THE THREE THERA- PIES FOR RATIONALISM — THE WORLD AS FICTION — PASCAL^S LIFE-LEGEND

pascal’s SOUL-ANATOMY — THE OVERCOMER — THE TRUE ROI SOLEIL. 3

CHAPTER II; Le Grand Sihle

RICHELIEU THE HOTEL RAMBOUILLET MAZARIN THE CARTESIAN AGE

— THE MAGIC CROSS OF CO-ORDINATES DEDUCTIVE MAN THE SUN OF REASON

THE SOUL WITHOUT BROTHERS TRANSITION FROM PRE-BAROQUE TO FULL

BAROQUE — THE KING AS ORIGIN OF THE EARTHLY CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM LOUIS

XIV’S HOME ADMINISTRATION THE THEATOE OF VERSAILLES EXTERNAL

POLICY OF LOUIS XIV — COLBERTISM DRAMATIC CRYSTALLOGRAPHY — THE

Zeitgeist’s court fool — painting and decoration — lully — la Roche- foucauld — the allonge coffee the POST THE NEWSPAPER — BAYLE

— THE MICROSCOPE — NEWTON CHARLES 11 THE “ GLORIOUS REVOLUTION”

— LONDON LOCKE THOMASIUS THE GREAT ELECTOR PRINCE EUGENE

CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN — PETER THE GREAT THE RUSSIAN PSYCHOSIS CAR- TESIAN AND BERNINIAN BAROQUE WORLD-FICTIONS — THE IDEAL OF CORPU-

LENCE — THE ISOLATED INDIVIDUAL — THE MARIONETTE AS A PLATONIC IDEA — THE INFINITESIMAL MAN — LEIBNIZ — THE WORLD AS A CLOCK — THE PRO- CESSION OF MASKS. 71

CHAPTER iii: The Death-Struggle of the Baroque

WATTEAU — THE SMALL HOUSE PASTEL AND PORCELAIN — CHINOISERXE

— LE SIECLE DES PETITESSES ESPRIT LOVE AS AMATEUR THEATRICALS

vii

THE CICISBEO — EROTIC DECADENCE — THE UGLINESS PATCH — KUCOCo’s TRACilC

THE PASSION FOR MIRRORS THEATROCRACY Tllh R1'.(»LNC\

LAW CR^ASH LOUIS QUINZE THE NOBLESSE DE LA ROBE THE CONCERT OF

THE POWERS DUODECIMO ABSOLUTISM ATHENS-ON-TIIE-PLEISSK KLOP-

STOCK CHRISTIAN WOLFF PIETISM THE BEL CANTO BACH AND HANDEL^

FREDERICK THE GREAT THE KING THE FATHER THE AN I l-M ON ARC II IS I

the PHILOSOPHER THE GENIUS THE HERO FROM CURIOSHW THE

TRAGIC IRONIST THE POLITICIAN THE ADMINISTRATOR THE STRATECHST

phlogiston, IRRITABILITY, AND THE PRIMARY NEBULA IMMORAL PLANTS

the FEELING FOR NATURE AWAKES BIBLE AND LEDGER COMFORT

FRANKLIN AND ROBINSON CRUSOE THE DOMESTIC NOVEL AND COMEDIE LAK-

MOYANTE THE WEEKLIES HOGARTH THE POETS OF SPLEEN THIC FREE- THINKERS HUME BERKELEY MONTESQUIEU AND VAUVK N ARCJUES • -'rilE

GENERAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE CENTURY THE LIFE-MARTYR VOLTAIRe’s

CHARACTER VOLTAIRe’s WORK VOLTAIRE AS POET VOLTAIRE AS HLS'PO-

RIAN VOLTAIRE AS PHILOSOPHER LE JARDIN. I 35

BOOK IIi: ENLIGHTENMENT AND REVOLUTION

From the Seven Years' War to the Congress of Vienna CHAPTER I: Common Sense and the Return to Nature

CULTURAL PERIODS AND GEOLOGICAL PERIODS THE THREE AGGREGATE

IDEAS THE FIRST WORLD-WAR THE THREE CRISES OF THE SEVEN YEARs’

WAR THE FREDERICIAN POWER PHILANTHROPY OF WORDS THE BUREAUX

d’eSPRIT THE “ ENCYCLOPEDIE ’’ DIDEROT THE MATERIAHS1\S EPI- GENESIS AND NEPTUNISM THE NEW CHEMISTRY GALVANIC ELPXTRICrrY

ASTRONOMY AND MATHEMATICS FERTILIZATION OF FLOWERS; VACCINATION

THE PRIME PLANT NICOLAI MENDELSSOHN UTILITARIAN INI'ERI^RICI’A-

TION OF THE BIBLE THE RESURRECTION FRAUD LESSING LICIITE NBERG

THE DIFFRACTOR CATASTROPHE OF THE JESUIT ORDER THE ILLt;MlNATI

KNIGGE CASANOVA AND CAGLIOSTRO SWEDENBORG PRUSSIANS PRIC MA- TURE ROt’^ THE people’s KAISER THE JOSEPHINE COMPULSORY FNLIC.'UT-

ENMENT THE RKGIME OF VELLEITIES PAPER REVOLUTION FROM ABOVE

THE END OF POLAND COSMOPOLITANISM EDUCATIONAL MANIA THE

PHYSIOCRATS CONCEPTION OF THE MACHINE MAN THE “ SCHOOL FOR

scandal” THE REVOLT OF NORTH AMERICA BEAUMARCHAIS AND CHAMFORT

ROUSSEAX/S CONCEPTION OF NATURE HELO'iSE, THE CONTRAT, AND EMILE

— Rousseau’s character — the plebeian bursts into literature — roils-

SEAUISM TRIUMPH OF SENSIBILITY SILHOUETTE AND CIRCULAR LETTl^'.R

THE FROCK-COAT OSSIAN STURM UND DRANG TWO-DIMENSIONAL POETRY

HAMANN HERDER AND JACOBI “a REMARKABLE MAN ” THE AGXC OF

GOETHE THE YOUNG SCHILLER THE POET “ FLICKWORT ” SCHILLER AS A

DIDACTIC GLUCK AND HAYDN — MOZARt’s EQUATION OF LIFE THE DUAL

KANT — THE ALL-MUTILATOR ” AND THE “ ALL-VEILER ” — THE CRITIQUE OF

REASON PURE REASON HOW IS NATURE POSSIBLE? HOW IS METAPHYSICS

POSSIBLE? DEEPEST DEFEAT AND HIGHEST TRIUMPH OF HUMAN REASON-—

THE PRIMACY OF PRACTICAL REASON THE TOTAL RESULT OF THE KANTIAN

PHILOSOPHY THE CRITICISM OF THE KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY THE IMPOS- SIBLE THING-IN-ITSELF. <7^

VIU

CHAPTER ii: The Discovery of the Classical

TPIE GENTLEMAN IN THE POST-COACH THE GENIUS AMONG PEOPLES

AUGUSTAN, CAROLINGIAN, AND THE OTTONIAN RENAISSANCES THE RENAIS- SANCES OF THE MODERN AGE THE MIS-SET CLASS-THEME THE CLASSICAL ”

GREEK THE “ ROMANTIC ’’ GREEK SOCRATISM THE PLASTER GREEK THE

GREEK PLASTIC GREEK PAINTING ALEXANDRINISM RISE OF THE PROFES- SIONAL MAN AND THE COSMOPOLITAN SUBJECT HELLENISTIC MEGAX.OPOLITAN-

ISM HELLENISTIC “ ART FOR ARt’s SAKE ” AND PROFESSIONAL SCIENCE

HELLENISTIC NIHILISM GREEK MUSICALNESS THE GREEK LANGUAGE

GREEK EROTIC GREEK AMORALITY THE STATE FOOLS THE GREEK RE- LIGIOUSNESS GREEK PESSIMISM GREEK IDEALISM THE PEOPLE OF THE

MEAN THE LAST HUMANIST THE JESTHETIC OF hom*oSEXUALITY MENGS

THE GRiECOMANIA “ RIEN.’’ 324

CHAPTER iii: Empire

THE LANTERNS THE REVOLUTION THE NATION OF THE EXTREME

THE STARTING-MECHANISM DEMOCRACY AND LIBERTY THE MAGIC LANTERN

THE TRAGIC OPERETTA HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION MIRABEAU

THE CELLAR RAT, THE NOBLE BRIGAND, AND THE HEADMASTER THE REIGN

OF REASON AND VIRTUE THE ASSIGNATS THE TIME MACHINE THE CURVE

OF REVOLUTION MONSIEUR GILLER ” SLEEPING GERMANY DID THE CLAS- SICS REALLY LIVE? TWO PLASTER CASTS PANORAMIC ABILITY THE TIIEA-

TRARCH THE ‘^PASSION OF ROTTEN APPLES ” THE GENIUS OF THE THRILLER

THE ALLIANCE OF THE DIOSCURI THE ANTIPODES STATIC AND DYNAMIC

NATURE AND HISTORY DICTATION AND DICTATORSHIP PvSYCHOLOGY OF

THE ROMANTIC SCHOOL ROMANTICIST IRONY DOUBLE LOVE ” UNROMAN- TIC ROMANTICISM NOVALIS SCHLEIERMACHER FICHTE SCHELLING

PROGRESS OF NATURAL SCIENCES CLASSICAL COSTUME ALFIERI, DAVID,

TALMA, AND THORWALDSEN GOYA BEETHOVEN MALTHUSIANISM THE

CONTINENTAL BLOCKADE THE NAPOLEON DRAMA NAPOLEON AND DESTINY

— NAPOLEON AND STRATEGY THE MAN OP' THE REALITIES — THE STAGE-

MANAGER OF EUROPE THE ANTI-IDEOLOGICAL IDEOLOGUE. 369

BOOK IV: ROMANTICISM AND LIBERALISM

From the Congress of Vienna to the Franco-German War CHAPTER i: The Depth of Emptiness

THE INMOST CIRCLE OF HELL THE UNREAL PRESENT POETICAL, HISTORI- CAL, AND JOURNALISTIC TRUTH THE GHOST-STREAM “ CRITICAL ” HISTORY- WRITING HISTORY IS INVENTED HISTORY PROMOTED IN RANK WHAT IS

ROMANTICISM? THE ORGANIC ” THE SICK GOOSE THE CONGRESS TAL-

LEYRAND THE NEW MAP THE HOLY ALLIANCE THE FRONT INWARDS THE

^ NAPOLEONIC LEGEND THE “ ALTTEUTSCHEN ” THE LIBERATION OF SOUTH

AMERICA AND GREECE THE AUSTRIAN INFECTION THE “MODERN IDEAS’’

THE MEPHISTOPHELES OF ROMANTICISM ROMANTIC SCIENCE THE FOLK-

SPIRIT AS POET THE MAGICIAn’s WAND OF ANALOGY BIRTH OF ROMANTIC PO- ETRY GRILLPARZER AND RAIMUND KLEIST “ FARBENLEHRE ” AND “ VER-

GLEICHENDE SINNESPHYSIOLOGIE ” ELECTRICAL AND CHEMICAL DISCOVERIES

hom*oEOPATHY ROSSINI, WEBER, AND SCHUBERT BIEDERMEIER THE

NAZARENES GUERICAULT, SAINT-SIMON, AND STENDHAL THE EPONYMOUS

HERO OF THE AGE BYRONISM THE SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE AGE THE

DIALECTICAL METHOD HEGEl’s HISTORICAL PHILOSOPHY AMORTISATION OF

HEGEL BY HEGEL. 3

CHAPTER ii: The Discordant Song

THE WORLD IN GASLIGHT LOCOMOTIVE NO. I THE HIGH-SPEED PRESS

LITHOGRAPHY DAUMIER THE NEW GOD BALZAC THE JULY MONARCHY

BELGIUM, POLAND, AND HAMBACH THE ROMANTIC ON THE THRONE

MANCHESTER THE SOCIAL QUESTION FRIEDRICH LIST THE HERO AS

THINKER THE SEER OF SOULS ONLY A LORD CARLYLe’s FAITH DAVID

FRIEDRICH STRAUSS CATHOLIC THEOLOGY KIERKEGAARD AND STIRNER

LUDWIG FEUERBACH NEPTUNE, ACTUALISM, STEREOSCOPE, AND ELECTRO- PLATING THE LAW OF ENERGY GUANO, HYDROTHERAPY, MORSE KEY, AND

DAGUERREOTYPE RANKE — THE FRENCH ROMANTIC HUGO, DUMAS, SCRIBE,

SUE DELACROIX POLITICAL MUSIC MENDELSSOHN AND SCHUMANN

— “young Germany” — the “Zeitgeist” — gutzkow — laube and heine

POLITICAL painting GEORG BUCHNER NESTROY ANDERSEN THE BLUE

BIRD. 73

CHAPTER II i: Bubble Business

THE REFRAIN THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION THE NATIONAL WORKSHOPS

THE MARCH REVOLUTION THE PERIPETEIA OLMUTZ NAPOLEON III LA

CIVILISATION THE CRIMEAN WAR THE LIBERATOR TSAR THE RUSSIAN SOUL

SLAVOPHILS AND WESTERNIZERS OBLOMOV SOLFERINO I MILLE LE

GENRE CANAILLE OFFENBACH GOUNOD THE COMEDY OF MANNERS COM-

TISM SPENCER AND BUCKLE DARWIN ANTI-DARWIN THE PAUL OF

Vll

DARWINISM IGNORABIMUS SPECTRUM ANALYSIS THE ORIGIN OF LIFE

CELLULAR PATHOLOGY AND PSYCHO-PHYSICS THE MILIEU THEORY FLAUBERT

THE IMMORAL POETS RENAN SAINTE-BEUVE THE PARNASSIANS RUS-

KIN THE PRE-RAPHAELITES THE ESTHETE WHITMAN AND THOREAU

EMERSON MATERIALISM MARXISM THE CLASS STRUGGLE LASSALLE

MOMMSEN THE LITERARY SEMINAR EUGENIE MARLITT BALANCE-SHEET OF

GERMAN LITERATURE HEBBEL AND OTTO LUDWIG THE ANTI-POET FEUER- BACH AND MAREES THE TWO PHILOSOPHERS SCHOPENHAUER^S CHARACTER

— Schopenhauer’s philosophy-^ the classical romantic — bismarck and

FREDERICK THE GREAT THE LAST OF THE HEROES THE WAR OF SECESSION

JUAREZ AND MAXIMILIAN SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN I 866 CUSTOZZA KRIS-

MANI& AND MOLTKE KONIGGRATZ LISSA NIKOLSBURG THE HUNGARIAN

SETTLEMENT THE LOCALIZED WORLD-WAR THE SPANISH BOMB-SHELL “a

BERLIN! ” 145

BOOK V: IMPERIALISM AND IMPRESSIONISM

From the Franco-German War to the World War CHAPTER i: Black Friday

WHO MAKES REALITY? BISMARCK’s GENERATION THE FRENCH DEPLOY- MENT THE CONDUCT OF THE WAR ON THE GERMAN SIDE THE NEUTRALS

THE PEACE THE COMMUNE THE SOCIALIST LAW THE “ KULTURKAMPF ”

THE BERLIN CONGRESS WAR IN SIGHT DUAL ALLIANCE^ TRIPLE ALLIANCE,

AND REINSURANCE TREATY THE SPIRIT OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE DUHRING

THE STYLE OF STY-LELESSNESS THE MAKART BOUQUET THE “ GERMAN

RENAISSANCE ” THE EIFFEL TOWER COSTUME THE MEININGERS THE

“collective ART-WORK ”;THE THEATRE AT ITS HIGHEST WAGNEr’s CURVE

“die FLEDERMAUS ” LITERATURE WILHELM BUSCH THE TELEPHONE,

THE ELECTRIC LIGHT BULB, AND THE BICYCLE STEREOCHEMISTRY THE

CANALS OF MARS THE PRE-IMPRESSIONISTS WHAT IS IMPRESSIONISM?

THE “oUVRIEr” ANTICHRIST BECOME COLOUR THE DE GONCOURTS ZOLA

TOLSTOI AND DOSTOIEVSKI THE LAST OF THE BYZANTINES THE JUSTIFICA- TION OF EVIL THE UNVEILER THE HATRED OF THE ARTIST. 273

CHAPTER ii: Gone to the Devil

THE C/ESURA THE WILL TO POWER AS DECADENCE HEGEL AND HALSKE

THE NEW TEMPO THE ELECTRO-MAGNETIC LIGHT THEORY RADIO-ACTIVITY

THE BREAKING DOWN OF THE ATOM FABIANS AND LECTURE-ROOM SOCIALISTS

SCHOOL REFORM KAISER WILHELM BISMARCK’s DISMISSAL CAPE TO

CAIRO NORTH AMERICA EASTERN ASIA THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR POST-

BISMARCKIAN world-policy — THE TRIPLE ENTENTE THE ANNEXATION CRISIS

PRAGMATISM ERNST MACH BERGSON WUNDT “ REMBRANDT ALS ER-

ZIEHER” “gESCHLECHT UND CHARAKTER” STRINDBERG THE PETARD

THE WANDERER NIETZSCHE’s PSYCHOLOGY NIETZSCHe’s CHRISTIANITY

THE LAST OF THE FATHERS OF THE CHURCH THE SECOND STAGE OF IMPRES- SIONISM THE SINGER OF THULE THE LAST OF THE CLASSICS ZENITH OF

MIDDLE-CLASS DRAMATURGY DRAMATURGY IN SMALL THINGS IBSEn’s COS-

1. • •

vtu

Mos — Norway’s revenge — ibsen’s art-form — the testament of the

MODERN AGE THE LITERARY REVOLUTION THE “ FREIE BUHNE ” NATURAL- ISM HAUPTMANN SUDERMANN FONTANE WEDEKIND MAUPASSANT

THE SECESSION BOCKLIN SCHNITZLER AND ALTENBERG VERISMO

DORIAN GRAY SHAW’s IRONY AMOR VACUI — THE SYMBOLISTS DRAMA OF

THE FOURTH DIMENSION TELEPATHIC DRAMA THE GAP WHAT IS DIPLO- MACY? THE BALKAN WAR SARAJEVO THE CLOUD. 339

epilogue: The Collapse of Reality

THE NEW INCUBATION PERIOD THE COSMOS AS MOLECULE THE* MOLE- CULE AS COSMOS TIME AS A FUNCTION OF POSITION MASS IS ENERGY THERE

IS NO SIMULTANEITY THE SHOT INTO THE COSMOS THE RISE OF AQUARIUS

THE DECLINE OF HISTORY THE DECLINE OF LOGIC DADA THE CATASTROPHE

OF THE DRAMA SUICIDE OF ART SUR-RLALISME THE TOWER OF BABEL

THE TWO HYDRAS THE FIVE POSSIBILITIES METAPSYCHOLOGY THE SER- VILE INSURRECTION OF AMORALITY THE ORPHEUS FROM THE UNDERWORLD

THE DOGMAS OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS THE REPRESSED THING-IN-ITSELF THE

LIGHT FROM THE OTHER SIDE. 459

CHRONOLOGY 485

INDEX

Follows page 489

BOOK iv: ROMANTICISM AND LIBERALISM

F rent *he Congress of Vienna to the Franco-German Warma

See also

• Cultural history